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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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equador.4
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1991-04-07
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Economy
Overview: Ecuador continues to recover from a 1986 drop
in international oil prices and a major earthquake in 1987
that interrupted oil exports for six months and forced Ecuador
to suspend foreign debt payments. In 1988-89 oil exports
recovered--accounting for nearly half of Ecuador's total
export revenues--and Quito resumed full interest payments
on its official debt, and partial payments on its commercial
debt. The Borja administration has pursued austere economic
policies that have helped reduce inflation and restore international
reserves. Ecuador was granted an IMF standby agreement worth
$135 million in 1989, and Quito will seek to reschedule its foreign
commercial debt in 1990.
GDP: $9.8 billion, per capita $935; real growth rate 0.5% (1989).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): 54% (1989).
Unemployment rate: 14.3% (1988).
Budget: revenues $2.2 billion; expenditures $2.7 billion,
including capital expenditures of $601 million (1988 est.).
Exports: $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 1988); commodities--petroleum
47%, coffee, bananas, cocoa products, shrimp, fish products;
partners--US 58%, Latin America, Caribbean, EC countries.
Imports: $1.6 billion (f.o.b., 1988); commodities--transport
equipment, vehicles, machinery, chemical, petroleum; partners--
US 28%, Latin America, Caribbean, EC, Japan.
External debt: $10.9 billion (1989).
Industrial production: growth rate 0.7% (1988).
Electricity: 1,953,000 kW capacity; 5,725 million kWh produced,
560 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: food processing, textiles, chemicals, fishing,
timber, petroleum.
Agriculture: accounts for 18% of GDP and 35% of labor force
(including fishing and forestry); leading producer and exporter
of bananas and balsawood; other exports--coffee, cocoa,
fish, shrimp; crop production--rice, potatoes, manioc, plantains,
sugarcane; livestock sector--cattle, sheep, hogs, beef,
pork, dairy products; net importer of foodgrain, dairy products,
and sugar.
Illicit drugs: relatively small producer of coca following
the successful eradication campaign of 1985-87; significant
transit country, however, for derivatives of coca originating
in Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru.
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $457 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-87), $1.4 billion; Communist countries (1970-88),
$64 million.
Currency: sucre (plural--sucres); 1 sucre (S/) = 100 centavos.
Exchange rates: sucres (S/) per US$1--526.35 (1989), 301.61
(1988), 170.46 (1987), 122.78 (1986), 69.56 (1985).
Fiscal year: calendar year.